Effects of Increasing Sodium Chloride Concentration on the Growth of Ankistrodemus

Effects of Increasing Sodium Chloride Concentration on the Growth of Ankistrodemus falcatus

Name of Student

Institution Affiliation

Effects of Increasing Sodium Chloride Concentration on the Growth of Ankistrodesmus falcatus

The experiment was conducted to examine environmental pollution in the perspective of water pollution to be specific. Water pollution may come in different forms. Variation in sodium concentration is synonymous with changes in salinity in water. General characteristics of Ankistrodesmus falcatus halotolerance was studied by the experiments of growth and the follow-up analysis conducted on a weekly basis. The rate of growth and other growth responses of algae significantly depends on the concentration of different elements in the particular environment. Variation in the concentration of sodium chloride is therefore expected to induce different responses in the growth process of algae. Different nutrients play independent roles as nutrients elements for the particular species of algae. Algae are extremely tolerant to changes in salinity. The concentration of sodium chloride, therefore, has a role to play in altering the growth process of algae (Laws, 2017).

Living organisms, in general, regulate the concentrations of some ions to maintain the potential of the cell membrane. Salts and ions have the role of controlling the movement of water through osmosis. The halotolerance of a given living organism is a perfect reflection of the range of the concentrations of sodium that are suitable in which the organism can comfortably grow and survive. The requirements of sodium in living organisms vary significantly with different species. Different species of phylum Chlorophyta contains many species which survive in diverse environments. They, therefore, tolerate a high degree of halotolerance. However, there are some species which may behave differently. A. falcatus may be constrained to narrower ranges of sodium concentrations (Wong et al, 2016).

We conducted a lab experiment where we sought to investigate the effect of growing Ankistrodesmus falcatus in different saline conditions. This was to find out the relationship between sodium concentration and the growth response pattern of the organism at different concentrations. We hypothesized that the growth of a freshwater strain of Ankistrodesmus falcatus is directly affected by the addition of sodium chloride, with increasing the concentration corresponding to reduced algal growth in a one on one relationship.

Method

A.Falcatus, a species of algae was selected to find out the effect of different salinity concentrations on algal growth activity. Ankistrodesmus culture solution was obtained locally. The pollutant used in the experiment was salt. 5OOmM of Sodium chloride was used as the pollutant. Consequently, this solution was treated as a 100% pollutant solution.

Calculations to determine the volumetric requirements were perfomed as soon as the the preparation for the lab experiment began.4 tubes were used in the experiment. The first tube was used as a negative control tube while the remaining three tubes were for the experiment. 5ml of Ankistrodesmus culture solution was used in the main experiment under investigation. The culture solution was placed in tubes with a maximum capacity of 10ml. The volume of Alga-gro used in the experiment continuously decreased from one tube to the other by a difference of one. The pollutant, Sodium chloride solution was added in proportions of upto 4ml being the maximum value. No pollutant was added to the negative control tube. Addition of the volumes of Ankistrodesmus culture solution, the Alga-gro and the pollutant brought a maximum value of 10ml. Caps were used to tighly seal the tubes. In order to enhance homogeneity, the samples were turned over several times after which the tightened caps were loosened to maintain an equilibrium with the atmosphere. Incubation of the culture solutions took one week at a constant temperature. The table looked like this.

Negative control Tube Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3

Ankistrodesmus culture Solution 5ml 5ml 5ml 5ml

Alga-gro 5ml 4ml 3ml 1ml

Pollutant 0ml 1ml 2ml 4ml

Total Volume 10ml 10ml 10ml 10ml

Final % Pollutant 0% 10% 20% 40%

Before setting up the blanks another table was set up. The purpose of these second tubes was to act as a control experiment.

Negative Control Tube Blank Tube 1 Blank Tube 2 Blank Tube 3 Blank

Alga-gro 10ml 9ml 8ml 6ml

Pollutant(At stock concentration) 0ml 1ml 2ml 4ml

Total Volume 10ml 10ml 10ml 10ml

Final % Pollutant 0 10% 20% 40%

Additionally, absorbance of a pure, undiluted Ankistrodesmus culture was measured at different wavelengths. It was ensured that, the instrument was blanked before each reading. One optical density was defined as the number of cells associated with one unit of absorption at 450nm nm. This value was determined via the spectrophotometric analysis. Before taking further reading, it was ensured that the spectrophotometer was set to the 450nm wavelength that was determined to be the optimum. Here is the table for the absorbance

400nm 450nm 500nm 550nm 600nm 650nm 700nm

Absorbance For each of the tube samples, the absorption was measured and the value obtained multiplied by 1 optical density unit in order to determine the density of the sample cells. Statistical analysis was conducted on the results and the relationship between the cell density and the sodium chloride concentration determined. The table for the wavelengths is given below.

Day 0 O.D Day 1 O.D Day 2 O.D Net Gain/Loss O.D Average Gain/Loss O.DControl A Control B Tube 1A Tube 1B Tube 2A Tube 2B Tube 3A Tube 3B Results

The result table for turbulence is as shown below

400nm 450nm 500nm 550nm 600nm 650nm 700nm

Absorbance 0.069 0.092 0.065 0.038 0.038 0.045 0.050

On the other hand, the table for the wavelengths determined on the tube samples on the three days is provided below. Additionally, the net gain loss is provided in the table. From the net gain or loss, the average gain or loss is also provided.

Day 0 O.D Day 1 O.D Day 2 O.D Net Gain/Loss O.D Average Gain/Loss O.D

Control A 0.031 0.067 0.040 0.009 -0.029

Control B 0.079 0.051 0.012 -0.067 Tube 1A 0.031 0.061 0.057 0.024 0.0135

Tube 1B 0.047 0.084 0.048 0.001 Tube 2A 0.057 0.071 0.081 -0.026 0.016

Tube 2B 0.041 0.057 0.035 -0.006 Tube 3A 0.116 0.023 0.015 -0.101 -0.0665

Tube 3B 0.043 0.011 0.011 -0.032 The graph below shows the relationship between the wavelength and the absorbance.

The graph below shows the concentration gradient curve of the pollutant versus the O.D at different days.

Discussion

In this experiment, sodium chloride was found to inhibit the growth of Ankistrodesmus falcatus. Significant inhibition was observed in Tube 3A as indicated by the net loss in biomass activity at a high concentration of the sodium chloride. Although the difference between the densities in the freshwater and saline water was not very strong, the data collected at the lab demonstrated that there was a strong inverse relationship between the absorbance and the wavelength in conjunction with the sodium chloride concentration.

We hypothesized that the high concentration of sodium chloride would inhibit the growth of Ankistrodesmus falcatus in a linear relationship. For every molar increase in the concentration of sodium chloride, the cell growth inhibition increased by a factor of five. The differences in the optical densities imply that the growth as observed in the cell densities was directly proportional to the concentration of the sodium chloride solution.

In conclusion, the growth of the algae was greatly hindered by increasing the concentration of sodium chloride concentration. This, therefore, suggests that there was a strong negative correlation between the concentration of sodium chloride and growth of Ankistrodesmus falcatus. The relationship between the absorbance and the wavelength was not conclusive enough to give definite results. This is because it was not linear in a low-saline environment. Further studies should investigate the effect of the concentration of other elements in the environment to the growth of different algal strains.

References

Laws, E. A. (2017). Aquatic pollution: an introductory text. John Wiley & Sons.

Wang, D., Wang, W., Xu, N., & Sun, X. (2016). Changes in growth, carbon and nitrogen enzyme activity and mRNA accumulation in the halophilic microalga Dunaliella viridis in response to NaCl stress. Journal of Ocean University of China, 15(6), 1094-1100.

Florida State Representative (2)

Florida State Representative

Date …………

Name ………..

Address ………..

City, State, Zip code ……..

E-mail …….

Phone Number ……….

The Honorable ………..

House of Representatives

Office Address of Representative

Dear Representative ………..,

Am very fortunate to live in a country full of heritage as well as a country with the largest potential for economic growth. I am a resident of the state of Florida where I have been much interested in the minimum wage of the employees. The primary aim of each state is to reduce the rate of dependency and to increase their economic growth and therefore to achieve this; they have to reduce poverty levels by increasing the minimum wage per hour to about 11 dollars. Am happy to share this platform with you so that my plea will make it to the Congress and get to be addressed.

Research has shown that the countries with a higher minimum wage per hour have less number of people living below the poverty line and that most of the residents are in the middle class. The reason is that they are able to have the minimum salary that is required to maintain them in their daily lives and can, therefore, afford to save a few coins, therefore, and doesn’t have to rely on well-wishers or the government to foot their bills. Most of the states in the US have increased their minimum wage, and their economy has been doing fine with the example of Washington with the minimum wage of 11.50 dollars. The main reason as to the request is that the wage rate may keep the pace set by inflation as the past increment has been much lower.

I, therefore, do ask for your support in pushing for the bill regarding the increment of the minimum wage per hour to about 11 dollars. In supporting the bill, a large number of employees in the state of Florida will benefit and will be able to reduce the rate of dependency through poverty elimination and finally increase our country’s gross domestic product. I believe that your support on this bill will have a massive impact on the lives of the Florida residents

Sincere

(Signature) …….

Name ……….

Individualism-collectivism one

Individualism-collectivism

Name

Course

Date

Culture plays a significant role in international as well as local businesses. It has been defined in several ways. Culture could be defined as a collective encoding of the mind that differentiates an individual, a member of a group, a nation or a state from the others. Individualism and collectivism have defined the economic as well as cultural structures of the societies in which we live. Individualism-collectivism describes the connection between the individual and the group to which he belongs. In this dimension stress is laid on personal goals over group goals.

A culture which is individualistic renders the society to perceive personal achievements. On the other hand, collectivism renders the society perceive there thinking in terms of group achievements. It has been noticed that societies which used to practice collectivism as a culture are getting transformed to practice individualism. Part of this change has been attributed to modernization.

Italian culture is greatly described as an individualistic, meaning that it holds much emphasis on close family ties and individual responsibility. This means that Italians tend to care of their immediate family first and themselves. With respect to business context, individualism affects Italians preferences to do business with individuals there are already familiar with. Collectivism as a culture is not preferred in Italian business hence investors should consider not to take this concern. For individual or groups intending to invest in Italy one should consider individual preferences and needs before starting businesses.

Individual Self-Assessments and JournalBlog Evaluation

MGT 2356

People and Organizations

Individual Self-Assessments and Journal/Blog Evaluation

Student Name: Zhao Wei

The Assessment Results

Core Self-Evaluation Scale

This instrument was created to measure a point-in-time evaluation of one’s self-concept.

Your Core Self Evaluation Score is: 3.8

Scores in this range (3.3-3.8) are interpreted as indicating a moderate self-concept.

In the chart below you can see how your score is distributed.

High Self-Concept

Moderate Self-Concept

Low Self-Concept

3

.

8

0

1

2

3.3

3.9

5

High Self-Concept

Moderate Self-Concept

Low Self-Concept

3

.

8

0

1

2

3.3

3.9

5

Core Self-Evaluation Score

Core Self-Evaluation Scale

If your score is 3.9 or above, you likely have a high sense of self-concept. Higher scores are correlated with higher self-concept, which is defined as a compilation of the following four traits: positive self-esteem, higher self-confidence, greater life control, and positive emotions. If you scored 3.3 to 3.8, you have a moderate self-concept, which typically means that one or two of the traits that make up self-concept are low. If your score is 3.2 or below, you have a low self-concept, which means that most, if not all, of the four traits are low.

High Self-Concept

Moderate Self-Concept

Low Self-Concept

3

.

8

0

1

2

3.3

3.9

5

High Self-Concept

Moderate Self-Concept

Low Self-Concept

3

.

8

0

1

2

3.3

3.9

5

Core Self-Evaluation Score

Whether you have high, moderate, or low self-concept, take some time to critically analyze which of the following four aspects of self-concept are your lowest score or scores and follow the few tips provided.

Self-Esteem:

To increase self-esteem, list your strengths and seek tasks that complement personal strengths.

This process will help you feel more capable and help you to have more success in your work.

Self-Confidence:

To increase self-confidence, reflect on times during your work that you have made small or large accomplishments and then list them. Write down what made those accomplishments significant and how those successes relate to your current work.

Life Control:

To increase life control, have a conversation with your supervisor and seek to identify areas where you could have more opportunities to lead and be more helpful. Also, take some time to plan out your week, setting aside time for you.

Positive Emotions:

To increase emotions, make a concerted effort to be positive, especially in stressful situations. Then take the time to monitor your emotions throughout the day. Try to identify especially negative situations and then reflect on what made those situations negative. After identifying them, brainstorm ways to be more positive in the moment.

An important note is that your score is not consistent and will change over time. Thus, using the four components as a framework to measure self-concept can be helpful even if you have a high self-concept score now.

Comparative Results

Reflection of the Assessment Results

Individual Perspective

I feel satisfied with the assessment results. They are not surprised results to me because I know my traits or character. However, it can impact my self-perceptions since it has confirmed what I always think about myself. I will feel low sometimes in the workplace, and it can affect my decisions.

Team Perspective

My self-assessment results impact my contributions to the team. I will influence my contributions to the team since I have moderate self-esteem, self-confidence, life control, and positive emotions. Since the work team needs positive energy through coordinated efforts, I am afraid to say that I will slightly contribute to team performance since I have moderate energy.

Organizational Perspective

My self-assessment results will impact my organizational contribution. I will influence my contributions to the organization since I have moderate self-esteem, self-confidence, life control, and positive emotions. Since my personal best is moderate, I am afraid to say I cannot contribute much to the organization since I cannot exploit my strengths maximally.

Summary

Following my assessment results, I plan to work on my traits to improve them from moderate to high self-concept. The following are my goals:

I will list my strengths and exploit them maximally to increase my self-esteem

I will list my accomplishments and relate them to my work to improve my self-confidence.

I will take out a day in my week to rest and reflect on myself to increase my life control concept.

I will be reflecting on my emotions to eliminate stress to increase my positive emotions.

Reference

Class Resources.

Emotional Intelligence Assessment Results

Emotional intelligence has been defined as the ability to diagnose, understand, and manage emotional cues.

Your Emotional Intelligence Assessment Score is: 85

High emotional intelligence

Normal emotional intelligence

Low emotional intelligence

85

0

57

62

120

High emotional intelligence

Normal emotional intelligence

Low emotional intelligence

85

0

57

62

120

If your score is below 57, then you have low emotional intelligence. The best way to enhance your emotional intelligence is to set aside some time to review your scores on the emotional intelligence assessment and identify the areas you view as your weakest. Then meet with a colleague or supervisor and discuss what you can do to improve in those areas. Each of the four areas of emotional intelligence is centered around your interaction with others, which is why engaging with others about how to improve is critical.

If your score is between 57 and 62, then you have a normal level of emotional intelligence. Set aside some time to review the results of your assessment and focus on the two areas of emotional intelligence that you scored the highest on. Then consider how your areas of strength relate to your lowest scores. In this assessment all four areas are interconnected, and your improvement in one area will lead to improvement in all areas.

If your score is above 62, then you have high emotional intelligence. Like many skills, your emotional intelligence will need to be continually enhanced or you may begin to see a decline in your ability. Review your scores and identify one area you want to focus on for the coming week. Make a plan to demonstrate your emotional intelligence to your co-workers.

Specific Creative Styles

Researchers have identified four dimensions of this capability.

Emotional awareness refers to an individual’s level of awareness of how emotions influence their decisions and how others’ decisions affect their own emotions.

Your emotional awareness score: 20

Emotional control speaks to how well individuals are able to appropriately manage their emotions in emotionally charged situations.

Your emotional control score: 15

Emotional diagnosis involves being aware of others’ emotions; this is what is sometimes referred to as empathy.

Your emotional diagnosis score: 30

Emotional response taps an individual’s ability to match their emotional intensity with the intensity of others and to encourage emotional expression.

Your emotional response score: 20

Emotional

2965438-184293Emotional

Awareness

Score: 23.5%

Emotional

Control Score:

17.6

%

Emotional

Awareness

Score: 23.5%

Emotional

Control Score:

17.6

%

Response Score:

23.5%

Emotional

Diagnosis Score:

35.3%

Comparison Data

(N = 5,000 students) Mean Qu artile Bottom Second Third Top

“Pre” Scores 66.38 55 or below 56-65 66-80 81 or above

“Post” Scores 54.52 51 or below 52-56 57-60 61 or above

Comparative Results

Reflection of the Assessment Results

Individual Perspective

My emotional intelligence score is high (Class Resource). The results are the way I expected, and I am satisfied with them. High emotional intelligence is enabling me to overcome life challenges since I can effectively and positively diagnose, understand, and manage emotional cues. Therefore, increasing my productivity as a person in terms of my work, career, and goals (Goleman & Boyatzis, 2017).

Team Perspective

My high emotional intelligence is enabling me to communicate better with my team members. It is also enabling me to diffuse conflicts whenever there are team disagreements. Therefore, we can progress as a team within a short time and achieve our objectives on time. By having high emotional intelligence, I can also understand my team members’ feelings and emotions and empathize with them (Goleman et al., 2013). I always inspire my team; sometimes, I can reduce stress and anxiety in my team, thanks to my high emotional intelligence. Therefore, my high emotional intelligence is keeping my team performs better in every objective we are handling and productive in the end.

Organizational Perspective

My high emotional intelligence enables me to communicate better and create relationships with fellow employees in the workplace. When I communicate better and create beneficial relationships in the organization, my productivity increases, increasing organizational productivity; additionally, it enables me to inspire my colleagues in the workplace since I can understand them better. Besides, I always empathize with organizational customers, enabling me to meet their wants effectively, hence building a positive image and increasing customer satisfaction in our organization, consequently increasing its productivity (Goleman et al., 2013).

Summary

Since I have high emotional intelligence, I am planning to keep it high by demonstrating it to my team members and co-workers. Through that, I will be able to increase my emotional intelligence score from 85 to 100 (Class Resource). Secondly, I will observe my stressful situations to improve my emotional control since it has the lowest score of 15 compared to emotional diagnosis, response, and awareness. Thirdly, my goal is to examine how my actions affect my team members and my co-workers and take necessary actions.

References

Class Resource. Emotional Intelligence Assessment Results.

Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2017). Emotional intelligence has 12 elements. Which do you need to work on. Harvard Business Review, 84(2), 1-5.

Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., & McKee, A. (2013). Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press.

Work Motivation Indicator Assessment Results

Survey Work Motivation Indicator

This instrument is designed to identify how you orient yourself to your work. The orientation (e.g., job, career, or calling) that you score the highest on will help you to re ect on what motivates you at work. It is important to note, however, that research has shown that any of the three orientations, job, career, or calling, can lead to higher productivity.

7

14

19

Job Orientation Score

Career Orientation Score

Calling Orientation Score

0

5

10

15

20

2.5

7.5

12.5

17.5

7

14

19

Job Orientation Score

Career Orientation Score

Calling Orientation Score

0

5

10

15

20

2.5

7.5

12.5

17.5

There is no overall score for this instrument; the individual scores are for comparison only, so that you can be aware of how you currently orient yourself to your work.

Click Next to read more about these three orientations and see how your results compare to other students who have taken this assessment.

There is evidence that nding work that you are passionate about, or a calling orientation, leads to better health and higher overall life satisfaction. Please take some time to review the following descriptions of the orientations and re ect on where you are. Also, have a discussion with your manager or future manager about how you orient yourself to your work.

Work Motivation Indicator Scale

2797910-504124Job Orientation

Score: 17.5%

Career

Orientation

Job Orientation

Score: 17.5%

Career

Orientation

Calling

Orientation

Score: 47.5%

Score: 35.0%

Job Orientation: Individuals with a high job orientation score view their work as a means to an end. They work for the money and are usually working to support their life outside of their job. They prefer work that doesn’t interfere with their personal life. They are not as likely to have a strong connection to the workplace or their specific job. The best way to motivate this employee is to tie rewards to extra days off or free time to work on things outside of their job. If you would like to have a higher job orientation toward your work, try to identify things you would like to do outside of work. In addition, set aside time that will be entirely work free.

Career Orientation: Individuals with a high career orientation score are likely to focus on elements related to perceived success or prestige. Usually they are interested in the ability to move up in their career, make raises or bonuses, gain more important titles, and achieve the social standing that comes from the career. The best way to motivate those with a career orientation is to structure your organization with ways to move up the ladder and provide performance bonuses. If you would like to be more motivated by career outcomes, then discuss with managers what they like about their roles. Typically, higher level positions come with added responsibilities, and you may find greater satisfaction by identifying higher level work that you can strive for.

Calling Orientation: Individuals with a high calling orientation score describe their work as integral to their lives and who they are. They view their work as a way to express themselves and to fulfill their lives. These individuals are more likely to find their work meaningful and will modify their duties and develop relationships to make it more so. They are found to be more satisfied in general with their work and their lives. These individuals are best motivated by allowing them to drive the work they have chosen to do and continually put them close to the work they are doing. If you would like to have a calling orientation, identify the things that you like to do in your leisure time, or the tasks you love at work. This will help you to determine what you find most enjoyable and meaningful.

Click Comparative Results to see how you compare to other students who have taken this assessment.

Reflection of the Assessment Results

Individual Perspective

The results are a surprise to me, and I am happy with them. The results have enabled me to understand my work motivation orientation. I scored high on Calling Orientation (47.5%), meaning my work is an integral part of life, and that is true. I always find my job is the best way to fulfill my life. I now understand that the best way to feel motivated in my job is to stay close to my work. Doing so will keep me motivated in my work and stay productive as an individual.

Team Perspective 

Considering that I have a higher Calling Orientation, I will contribute more to my team when given project tasks that I love doing. Additionally, I can create close relationships with my team members to stay motivated since I love the job we will be doing. Therefore, I will be making better contributions to my team, leading to the project and team success.

Organizational Perspective

The best way to contribute to organizational productivity is to be assigned tasks that I love doing. Besides, I can create close ties with my colleagues when given job tasks I love doing. When the organization assigns me such tasks and keeps me close to my job, I will be productive and contribute to the organizational performance.

Summary

Since I have a higher Calling Orientation, I plan to keep it by doing those job tasks that I love doing most in the organization and during leisure time to stay motivated and productive. Secondly, I plan to increase my Career Orientation score by appreciating the importance of climbing up the organization’s job positions. After all, we all want better roles and more responsibilities to feel better. Thirdly, I will make sure I stay motivated in my job since it significantly influences my performance as an individual, team, and organization.

Personal Inventory Assessment: Communication Styles

Assessment Results

This assessment focuses on the exercise of supportive communication in emotionally challenging situations.

Your Advising response Score is: 5

Your Deflecting response Score is: 7

Your Probing response Score is: 4

Your Reflecting response Score is: 8

10

5

7

4

8

Advising

Deflecting

Probing

Reflecting

0

2.5

5

7.5

5

7

4

8

Advising

Deflecting

Probing

Reflecting

0

2.5

5

7.5

Individuals have different communication styles. This self-assessment focuses on styles that have been shown to promote or interfere with a particular kind of communication, specifically, that which is highly supportive. Whereas accurate communication focuses on eliminating errors in the communication process, supportive communication seeks to use communication events to build positive relationships.

There are no comparison scores for this instrument because it is designed for you to reflect and compare your scores on the different types of communication to each other.

Click Next to learn more about each of these different types of communication.

In Part 1, three types of responses, spanning the range from high to low supportiveness, are featured: reflecting (high), probing, deflecting, and advising (low).

5

7

4

8

Advising

Deflecting

Probing

Reflecting

0

2.5

5

7.5

5

7

4

8

Advising

Deflecting

Probing

Reflecting

0

2.5

5

7.5

Advising communication is the lowest form of supportive communication. If your highest score in part 1 was in this area, reflect on how advising communication affects interpersonal relationships. In most cases, when people engage in advising communication they are giving opinions of situations from their own perspective, and they may not have all of the information, which can lead to poor advice or damaged relationships. The best way to lower your advising communication score is to focus on what the person you are communicating with is saying to you, instead of focusing on your response to the person. Then seek to have the rest thing you say to the person be a one-sentence summary of what they have said. This will help you to ensure you understand and will validate that person’s concern. Advising communication can be helpful, but understanding must come before advising will be effective.

Deflecting communication is problematic because in many cases this is simply procrastinating. If your highest score in part 1 was in this area, reflect on a situation when you feel someone detected your challenges or concerns. In most cases, when someone uses deflecting communication, the person they are communicating with will feel that their challenge is not worth taking the time to solve now or that the person is avoiding the subject. In either case, deflecting communication can lead to lasting relationship challenges due to unresolved conflicts and declining trust. The best way to lower your deflecting communication score is to make an effort to address challenges and problems when they arise. In some cases this can be difficult, but at a minimum demonstrate to the person that they have been heard and that their concern is valued by setting a specific time to address the challenge. This will hold you accountable and allow the person to know their concerns will be addressed at a specified time.

Probing communication can be helpful in many situations; however, it can also be unsupportive and lead to strained interpersonal relationships. If probing communication was your highest score in part 1, take some time to think about how questions can be perceived after someone has shared a concern or challenge with you. Typically this type of communication is manifest when the rest response to someone’s concerns is a question. Although questions can lead to understanding, they can also make people feel like they are being interrogated or that you know the answer and are just quizzing them to help them see the problem the way you do. Probing communication is a tool to use after you have demonstrated that you have reflected on what the person has said through reflective communication.

Reflective communication is the most supportive form of communication. Typically, reflective communication is demonstrated by restating the main points of another person’s concerns. If this was your highest score in part 1, then you are utilizing the most supportive form of communication. Although this form of communication is the most supportive, other forms of communication have utility. Take some time to reflect on when you might use probing, deflecting, and advising communication styles in an effective way.

Part 2 focuses more broadly on the attributes, or dimensions, of supportive communication.

Specifically, it offers two very different types of responses.

Problem-oriented vs. person-oriented statements: When we communicate we tend to frame problems and challenges as person-oriented (e.g., “Carole didn’t follow through”). This can create challenges and strain interpersonal relationships. A more supportive approach is to orient the discussion toward the problem (e.g., “The sales were not reported last week“). In this example we don’t know what the problem actually is in the person-oriented statement (1b), whereas we actually have a problem to x in the problem-oriented statement (1a). Following up with Carol and discussing what led to the lack of follow-through is also important, but seek to focus on the problem in order to build stronger relationships.

Congruent vs. incongruent statements: Congruent communication (2b) is based on the idea that the way we frame problems needs to be consistent. For example, if we tell someone they did a great job and then proceed to identify all of the problems with their work, then they may be left wondering which is true because their feedback is incongruent. Congruent feedback is more supportive because it will increase the level of trust and understanding between you and those with whom you work.

Descriptive vs. evaluative statements: Often when we communicate we feel the need to evaluate or place value on people or decisions. This type of communication is not supportive and can lead to strained relationships. Descriptive communication (3a) is more centered on understanding and demonstrating that understanding so that people feel that you have reflected on what they have said.

Validating vs. invalidating statements: Validating statements (4b) are focused on receiving input from the person you are talking with and ensuring that they feel heard before you discuss any challenges or questions you have. Using validating statements is critical to supportive communication because it will help to ensure that you have as much information as possible before you begin to discuss challenges or concerns.

Owned vs. disowned statements: In communication we tend to disown many of our statements by making statements where we assign the topic to another person or group of people. Owned statements (5a), on the other hand, tend to be more supportive because then you can talk about specific challenges or concerns as opposed to unnamed sources or easily disregarded groups.

Strive to own your statements in order to create an atmosphere of support.

Click Comparative Results to see how you compare to other students who have taken this assessment.

Reflection of the Assessment Results

Individual Perspective

I am happy with the assessment results considering I have the highest reflective communication score compared to other communication as recommended. A higher reflective score than other scores of communication indicates I am utilizing supportive communication. Reflective communication is the most supportive form of communication, and it enhances positive relationships. Therefore, individually I can create positive relationships with other people, including my coworkers and the management. Through this, I will have a higher level of motivation in the workplace and have better-shared experiences with my coworkers and job satisfaction. 

Team Perspective

Since I have a higher reflective score (8), I can create supportive communication and positive relationships with my team members. In doing so, my team will be innovative since positive relationships foster innovative thinking. Additionally, my team members will be on the same page with me hence increasing the team’s interaction, consequently its performance, and accuracy of its evaluations.

Organizational Perspective 

Since I have a higher reflective score than other communication scores, I can create supportive communication and positive relationships with the organization. Therefore, I will be actively engaged with my organization, leading to lower organizational costs, fewer safety incidents, reduced absenteeism and employee turnover, and increased organizational performance results.

Summary

Although my advising score (5) is lower than the reflective score (8), it is higher compared to the global (4.4) and course (4.4) results. Therefore there is a need to lower it to enhance supportive communication in quest of creating positive relationships. I plan to lower my advising communication score by focusing on what the person I am communicating with is saying to me instead of focusing on my response to the person. My deflecting score (7) is relatively close to the reflective score (8) but lower than global (8.1) and course (8.9) results, and I see the need to lower it. I plan to lower my deflecting communication score by addressing challenges and problems when they arise. Although my reflective score (8) is higher compared to global (5.8) and course (5.4) results, I plan to increase it by restating the main points of another person’s concerns to build supportive communication consequently positive relationships. Moreover, I strive to own my statements to create an atmosphere of support because then I can talk about specific challenges or concerns as opposed to unnamed sources or easily disregarded groups.

Managing Interpersonal Conflict

Assessment Results

11/24/2020Managing Interpersonal Conflict

Survey

Managing Interpersonal Conflict

Your Managing Interpersonal Conflict Score is: 75

Your score is low. Low scores (less than 122) mean that you have low ability to manage interpersonal conflicts.

This instrument manages three different but related skills. Any efforts you make to improve your abilities in managing conflict should improve all three areas.

High ability

Normal ability

Low ability

75

0

60

122

137

145

High ability

Normal ability

Low ability

75

0

60

122

137

145

Ability to Manage Interpersonal Conflict Score

If your score is below 122, then you have a low ability to manage interpersonal conflict. To enhance your score, review your results and identify whether you are low in all three areas or if you are abnormally low in one area. Given that this instrument manages three different but related skills, any efforts you make to improve your abilities in managing conflict should improve all three areas. Focus your efforts on the first two skills of initiating a complaint and responding to criticism. These two skills will help you to hone your ability to mediate conflict naturally.

If your score is between 122 and 136, then you have a normal ability to manage conflict. The best way to enhance your skills is to identify the lowest score in the three skills and focus your attention on improving in that area. For example, if your lowest score is in the responding to criticism skill, you could work on improving that skill through discussions with others and reviewing the brief description of responding to criticism.

If your score is above 136, then you have a high ability to manage conflict. Focus your attention on continued improvement on mediating interpersonal conflict. This, in turn, will continue to hone your first two skills of initiating a complaint and responding to criticism as you help others to work through this process.

Comparison Data

The following information is provided to you for further comparison. In the following table, a quartile refers to a quarter of the population, so this table divides the population of respondents into four equal parts (quartiles). If you are in the bottom quartile it means you are in the bottom 25% of those who have taken this assessment. The second quartile

Florida State Representative (2) – Copy

Florida State Representative

Date …………

Name ………..

Address ………..

City, State, Zip code ……..

E-mail …….

Phone Number ……….

The Honorable ………..

House of Representatives

Office Address of Representative

Dear Representative ………..,

Am very fortunate to live in a country full of heritage as well as a country with the largest potential for economic growth. I am a resident of the state of Florida where I have been much interested in the minimum wage of the employees. The primary aim of each state is to reduce the rate of dependency and to increase their economic growth and therefore to achieve this; they have to reduce poverty levels by increasing the minimum wage per hour to about 11 dollars. Am happy to share this platform with you so that my plea will make it to the Congress and get to be addressed.

Research has shown that the countries with a higher minimum wage per hour have less number of people living below the poverty line and that most of the residents are in the middle class. The reason is that they are able to have the minimum salary that is required to maintain them in their daily lives and can, therefore, afford to save a few coins, therefore, and doesn’t have to rely on well-wishers or the government to foot their bills. Most of the states in the US have increased their minimum wage, and their economy has been doing fine with the example of Washington with the minimum wage of 11.50 dollars. The main reason as to the request is that the wage rate may keep the pace set by inflation as the past increment has been much lower.

I, therefore, do ask for your support in pushing for the bill regarding the increment of the minimum wage per hour to about 11 dollars. In supporting the bill, a large number of employees in the state of Florida will benefit and will be able to reduce the rate of dependency through poverty elimination and finally increase our country’s gross domestic product. I believe that your support on this bill will have a massive impact on the lives of the Florida residents

Sincere

(Signature) …….

Name ……….

Effects of High Tuition Fees

Subject

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Date

Effects of High Tuition Fees

Tuition fees are used to facilitate the education of students while in school. In Texas, all the schools require their students to pay for their tuition to facilitate their learning while in school. The cost of education is high, and this can be translated to the high cost of living not only within the boundaries of the state but those of the United States as a whole. Due to this, not everyone in the school is able to pay for the tuition fees on time or get the chance to raise the tuition money. The issue of high tuition fees is a crucial matter since it has left many of the bright students not able to complete their semesters hence forcing them to extend their time in school. Besides, most of the bright students end up dropping out of school because they are unable to raise the high tuition fees. Dropping out of school is not the wish of every student as everyone would like to start and finish their education at the right time but this has not always been the case as most of the students find themselves pushed to the limit, unable to pay their fees and the only option available is to defer the semester or drop out of school. Various factors that can be attributed to the inability of the students to pay their tuition fees.

Deregulation is one of the factors that can be attributed to the inability of some students to pay for their tuition fees. The deregulation has benefited some of the communities in America; for example, the black community greatly benefited from deregulation while the Hispanics have been significantly disadvantaged. Only a few people get to college in the stated time because the tuition fees are high. The 2003 deregulation policy does not favor the Hispanics, and this is the reason there are high numbers of the Hispanics who are unable to pay for their school fees and mostly end up dropping from school (Flores et al. 2014).

Students who are unable to raise the tuition fee by themselves or with the help of their guardians have a hectic time making it back in school. However, the government comes forward and provides grants and loans to help the student pay their school fees. However, despite the government actions to boost education for the less fortunate, there always arises some cases that cannot be exempted from the reality in that not all the students are able to access the loans and grants. Considering how the tuition fees have been high, missing the chance to access loans and grants that could have otherwise aided in paying the school fees makes it difficult for the students to continue with their education. They have no alternative other than to drop out since their last hope has been shattered.

Most of the students come from low and middle-income families as it is a characteristic of most of the families in Texas. For this reason, most of the students are only able to raise a certain amount of fees, and the rest can be acquired by putting a lot of efforts. The high tuition fees in Texas’ schools leads to a lot of sacrifices for both the parents and students for them to attain the full amount of fees required to maintain them in school. The major impact of raising the college fees is that students go hungry to be able to save money which will be used to pay the tuition fee in time. Food is a basic necessity, and when a person is deprived of the opportunity to have some there may be negative consequences both academically and health wise. When the students skip their meals, they end up wasting in their body and makes them weak. Being weak implies the person has divided attention and this also translates to the loss of concentration in class.

Lack of adequate food reduces the student’s attention, and this means that the students will have poor attention in class. Rather than saving money for food and personal maintenance in school, a majority of the students only have one mind, saving to pay for the tuition fee. Education has become a necessity that everybody wants to compromise their safety and personal wellness for the benefit of acquiring education (Najmabadi & Blanchard, 2018). According to statistics, most of the students don’t have jobs, and this means that they survive on whatever small that their parents provide them. With most of the families living just above the poverty line, it becomes difficult for them to raise more fees. Previously, the tuition fee was not high and was affordable to almost every parent, but as the days go by, there tends to have an increment in the fees every year, and this accumulation has reached high levels that are proving difficult for the parents. Despite the increment in fees, the minimum wage has remained the same, and in the event of a rise, only a minimal increment and this does not match the hiking economy. Students, therefore, are left to save whatever they have to pay for the tuition fees, sacrificing their stomachs and other basic necessities. Due to this, poor performance becomes a characteristic that accompanies the students such that even if they are able to finish the tuition fees on time, they will pay in another way, poor results due to poor concentration and missing classes.

High tuition fees are disadvantageous to the students from low social, economic class to attain their academic goals on time. It is difficult for the college students to complete their education on time due to the increase in college fees as they are forced to multitask, searching for employment while at the same time furthering their academic needs. It is not easy for a student to balance education and work as one of them will be left behind, and most likely, most of the students prefer jobs rather than education (Mulhern et al. 2015). Due to this most of the students keep their education pending searching for employment and later comer to finish their studies.

Students who multitask have a high probability of abandoning their education and thus take a long time to finish their courses. For example, if a person lacks tuition fees and has no other way to obtain the money rather than working, they will go for the employment so that they can get the money needed to pay their college fees and to which will see them through the academic journey. One of the worst nightmares is that tuition fees is not a one thing issue to which the student pays at once, and everything gets settled, in education the tuition fees are paid in sessions to which the student will be in class, and this means that if the student is in session for three terms, they will have to pay fees equal to the number of sessions. With this, it implies that each term presents new challenges to the student and if they are unable to pay the fee, they might end up postponing the term to return to a later date when money will be available. As a result of these delays, the students end up having a prolonged time in school as they are faced with struggles that cannot be evaded.

Education is a basic necessity, and this means that everyone should have access to education for a better future. As a result, making education universal and as well offering scholarships for the university and college students plays a significant role in creating a better world in future through increasing the number of elites (Trow, 2000). Education has many benefits that can be used to solve the problems of a state. For example, through education, people acquire the necessary skills and experience that is needed in the job market, making a student ready to engage in the field. Education, therefore, serves to bake the students preparing them for the future opportunities that my present to them. Skills are acquired through learning, something that a person cannot learn when they are out of class and thus need to be present for them to listen, understand and later put to use what they have learned. Most of the affected students are those who are pursuing practical courses as they have no choice but to be in class to grasp everything that the teacher says and presents.

Making education a universal access guarantees that every student has access to education regardless of the financial background, race or religion or social class status. Every student has the right to attend a class free from the stress of paying the college fees to make them perform better. Education for all lead to the creation of a learned nation and to which the citizens have the energy to propel the country forward. A society that has low education may suffer an economic gap in the future as there will be fewer qualified personnel to deliver. Making the college and university education free makes it affordable for all, and this means that anyone can go to an institution of higher learning where they are able to specialize according to their qualifications and thus produce qualified personnel ready to be dispatched in places of work.

Work Cited

Flores, S. M., & Shepherd, J. C. (2014). Pricing out the disadvantaged? The effect of tuition deregulation in Texas public four-year institutions. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 655(1), 99-122.

Mulhern, C., Spies, R. R., Staiger, M. P., & Wu, D. D. (2015). The effects of rising student costs in higher education: Evidence from public institutions in Virginia. ITHAKA.

Najmabadi, S., & Blanchard, B. (2018, April 10). As college costs rise, some Texas students go hungry. Will food scholarships help? The Texas Tribune, pp. 12-18.

Trow, M. (2000). From mass higher education to universal access: The American advantage. Minerva, 37(4), 303-328.

Effects of High Tuition Fees on Students

Subject

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Date

Effects of High Tuition Fees on Students

Tuition fees are used to facilitate the education of students while in school. In Texas, all the schools require their students to pay for their tuition to facilitate their learning while in school. The cost of education is high, and this can be translated to the high cost of living not only within the boundaries of the state but those of the United States as a whole. Due to this, not everyone in the school is able to pay for the tuition fees on time or get the chance to raise the tuition money. The issue of high tuition fees is a crucial matter since it has left many of the bright students not able to complete their semesters hence forcing them to extend their time in school. Besides, most of the bright students end up dropping out of school because they are unable to raise the high tuition fees. Dropping out of school is not the wish of every student as everyone would like to start and finish their education at the right time but this has not always been the case as most of the students find themselves pushed to the limit, unable to pay their fees and the only option available is to defer the semester or drop out of school. Various factors that can be attributed to the inability of the students to pay their tuition fees.

Deregulation is one of the factors that can be attributed to the inability of some students to pay for their tuition fees. The deregulation has benefited some of the communities in America; for example, the black community greatly benefited from deregulation while the Hispanics have been significantly disadvantaged. Only a few people get to college in the stated time because the tuition fees are high. The 2003 deregulation policy does not favor the Hispanics, and this is the reason there are high numbers of the Hispanics who are unable to pay for their school fees and mostly end up dropping from school (Flores et al. 2014).

Students who are unable to raise the tuition fee by themselves or with the help of their guardians have a hectic time making it back in school. However, the government comes forward and provides grants and loans to help the student pay their school fees. However, despite the government actions to boost education for the less fortunate, there always arises some cases that cannot be exempted from the reality in that not all the students are able to access the loans and grants. Considering how the tuition fees have been high, missing the chance to access loans and grants that could have otherwise aided in paying the school fees makes it difficult for the students to continue with their education. They have no alternative other than to drop out since their last hope has been shattered.

Most of the students come from low and middle-income families as it is a characteristic of most of the families in Texas. For this reason, most of the students are only able to raise a certain amount of fees, and the rest can be acquired by putting a lot of efforts. The high tuition fees in Texas’ schools leads to a lot of sacrifices for both the parents and students for them to attain the full amount of fees required to maintain them in school. The major impact of raising the college fees is that students go hungry to be able to save money which will be used to pay the tuition fee in time. Food is a basic necessity, and when a person is deprived of the opportunity to have some there may be negative consequences both academically and health wise. When the students skip their meals, they end up wasting in their body and makes them weak. Being weak implies the person has divided attention and this also translates to the loss of concentration in class.

Lack of adequate food reduces the student’s attention, and this means that the students will have poor attention in class. Rather than saving money for food and personal maintenance in school, a majority of the students only have one mind, saving to pay for the tuition fee. Education has become a necessity that everybody wants to compromise their safety and personal wellness for the benefit of acquiring education (Najmabadi & Blanchard, 2018). According to statistics, most of the students don’t have jobs, and this means that they survive on whatever small that their parents provide them. With most of the families living just above the poverty line, it becomes difficult for them to raise more fees. Previously, the tuition fee was not high and was affordable to almost every parent, but as the days go by, there tends to have an increment in the fees every year, and this accumulation has reached high levels that are proving difficult for the parents. Despite the increment in fees, the minimum wage has remained the same, and in the event of a rise, only a minimal increment and this does not match the hiking economy. Students, therefore, are left to save whatever they have to pay for the tuition fees, sacrificing their stomachs and other basic necessities. Due to this, poor performance becomes a characteristic that accompanies the students such that even if they are able to finish the tuition fees on time, they will pay in another way, poor results due to poor concentration and missing classes.

High tuition fees are disadvantageous to the students from low social, economic class to attain their academic goals on time. It is difficult for the college students to complete their education on time due to the increase in college fees as they are forced to multitask, searching for employment while at the same time furthering their academic needs. It is not easy for a student to balance education and work as one of them will be left behind, and most likely, most of the students prefer jobs rather than education (Mulhern et al. 2015). Due to this most of the students keep their education pending searching for employment and later comer to finish their studies.

Students who multitask have a high probability of abandoning their education and thus take a long time to finish their courses. For example, if a person lacks tuition fees and has no other way to obtain the money rather than working, they will go for the employment so that they can get the money needed to pay their college fees and to which will see them through the academic journey. One of the worst nightmares is that tuition fees is not a one thing issue to which the student pays at once, and everything gets settled, in education the tuition fees are paid in sessions to which the student will be in class, and this means that if the student is in session for three terms, they will have to pay fees equal to the number of sessions. With this, it implies that each term presents new challenges to the student and if they are unable to pay the fee, they might end up postponing the term to return to a later date when money will be available. As a result of these delays, the students end up having a prolonged time in school as they are faced with struggles that cannot be evaded.

Education is a basic necessity, and this means that everyone should have access to education for a better future. As a result, making education universal and as well offering scholarships for the university and college students plays a significant role in creating a better world in future through increasing the number of elites (Trow, 2000). Education has many benefits that can be used to solve the problems of a state. For example, through education, people acquire the necessary skills and experience that is needed in the job market, making a student ready to engage in the field. Education, therefore, serves to bake the students preparing them for the future opportunities that my present to them. Skills are acquired through learning, something that a person cannot learn when they are out of class and thus need to be present for them to listen, understand and later put to use what they have learned. Most of the affected students are those who are pursuing practical courses as they have no choice but to be in class to grasp everything that the teacher says and presents.

Making education a universal access guarantees that every student has access to education regardless of the financial background, race or religion or social class status. Every student has the right to attend a class free from the stress of paying the college fees to make them perform better. Education for all lead to the creation of a learned nation and to which the citizens have the energy to propel the country forward. A society that has low education may suffer an economic gap in the future as there will be fewer qualified personnel to deliver. Making the college and university education free makes it affordable for all, and this means that anyone can go to an institution of higher learning where they are able to specialize according to their qualifications and thus produce qualified personnel ready to be dispatched in places of work.

An increment in the tuition fees means that the students and their parents have to work an extra mile to get the excess. With the present economic conditions, it has become hard to get money and therefore most of the students have resulted to borrowing to cater for the tuition fees. This has resulted to student being debtors, money which they aren’t sure of how they will repay and this has a great impact to the mental health of the students. Stress and depression are common mental conditions that affect the students in collages due to lack of fees. It is therefore of great significance for the government to ease the load by making education universally accessible to all students.

Work Cited

Flores, S. M., & Shepherd, J. C. (2014). Pricing out the disadvantaged? The effect of tuition deregulation in Texas public four-year institutions. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 655(1), 99-122.

Mulhern, C., Spies, R. R., Staiger, M. P., & Wu, D. D. (2015). The effects of rising student costs in higher education: Evidence from public institutions in Virginia. ITHAKA.

Najmabadi, S., & Blanchard, B. (2018, April 10). As college costs rise, some Texas students go hungry. Will food scholarships help? The Texas Tribune, pp. 12-18.

Trow, M. (2000). From mass higher education to universal access: The American advantage. Minerva, 37(4), 303-328.

Florida State Representative – Copy

Florida State Representative

Date …………

Name ………..

Address ………..

City, State, Zip code ……..

E-mail …….

Phone Number ……….

The Honorable ………..

House of Representatives

Office Address of Representative

Dear Representative ………..,

Am very fortunate to live in a country full of heritage as well as a country with the largest potential for economic growth. I am a resident of the state of Florida where I have been much interested in the minimum wage of the employees. The primary aim of each state is to reduce the rate of dependency and to increase their economic growth and therefore to achieve this; they have to reduce poverty levels by increasing the minimum wage per hour from 8.25 dollars to about 11 dollars. Am happy to share this platform with you so that my plea will make it to the Congress and get to be addressed.

Research has shown that the countries with a higher minimum wage per hour have less number of people living below the poverty line and that most of the residents are in the middle class (Dabla-Norris et al.). The reason is that they are able to have the minimum salary that is required to maintain them in their daily lives and can, therefore, afford to save a few coins, and thus, doesn’t have to rely on well-wishers or the government to foot their bills. Most of the states in the US have increased their minimum wage, and their economy has been doing fine with the example of Washington with the minimum wage of 11.50 dollars. The main reason as to the request is that the wage rate may keep the pace set by inflation as the past increment has been much lower.

The inflation rate in the state of Florida has for a long time increased with various margins, and this has made the earnings of the employees to be very little compared to the rate of inflation (Brigham et al.). With an increased rate of inflation that is evident in each and every fiscal year, the monetary value of the manufactured products and services especially the essential products have as well increased in prices as the cost of production has risen over the past.

To make it possible for the residents of the Florida state be able to have a higher purchasing power, the federal government and more specifically the local government in the state of Florida should increase the minimum wage per hour above the current rate in accordance to the inflation rate. Raising the minimum wage rate implies that the employees and the general population in the state of Florida will have a higher disposable income that they will use to fulfill their basic needs.

The number of dependency in the state, considering the aged, disabled, the poor as well as the homeless are high, and this makes the governments burden much more cumbersome (Ruggles). The bill regarding the increment of the minimum wage will help in the reduction of the welfare program that is carried out by the government to the people enlisted to benefit from the program. A higher minimum wage will enable the large population of the employees being able to secure a sufficient salary that will allow them to run their daily lives comfortably while at the same time being able to save some amount.

With the larger number of the employees being able to save some money, they will be able to cater for their families as they are capable of providing for their needs leaving a small proportion of people in the welfare program and thus reducing the burden on the side of the government. The increased minimum wage will enable a significant number of people who are homeless to seek for mortgages as they will be able to repay them in time as they are receiving a good amount of salary and therefore the number of homeless individuals will reduce, reducing the number of street families and consequently reduced crime rate (O’connor).

The local government has been struggling with the economy, and this has dramatically affected the investments as well as infrastructural development in the state. Slowed economic growth has been witnessed due to various reasons such as the government having less money to inject into the business sector, and this has affected the local trade in the region. With less infrastructural development in a nation, the State’s interior will not be opened to the rest of the country, and therefore, the transportation of goods, as well as raw materials and ready products to the markets, will be difficult proving hard for the businesses to thrive.

For the government to improve the economy and infrastructure, a higher minimum wage should be implemented (Stiglitz). The reason is that a huge amount of money will be disposed to the citizens and the government will be able to collect a large amount of revenue through taxes. The high amount of revenue will help the government in improving the quality of services that are offered as well as the infrastructure. With a large amount of money at the citizens’ disposal, the economy is deemed to grow as everyone is able to buy the goods and services that they need in their daily lives and as well enables them to invest in income-generating projects rising the country’s gross domestic product.

I, therefore, do ask for your support in pushing for the bill regarding the increment of the minimum wage per hour from 8.25 dollars to about 11 dollars. In supporting the bill, a large number of employees in the state of Florida will benefit and will be able to reduce the rate of dependency through poverty elimination and finally increase our country’s gross domestic product. I believe that your support on this bill will have a massive impact on the lives of the Florida residents

Sincere

(Signature) …….

Name ……….

Work Cited

Brigham, Eugene F., et al. Financial Managment: Theory and Practice, Canadian Edition. Nelson Education, 2016.

Dabla-Norris, Ms Era, et al. Causes and consequences of income inequality: a global perspective. International Monetary Fund, 2015.O’connor, James. The fiscal crisis of the state. Routledge, 2017.

Ruggles, Patricia. “Short-and Long-Term Poverty in the United States: Measuring the American “Underclass”.” Economic Inequality and Poverty: International Perspectives. Routledge, 2017. 171-206.

Stiglitz, Joseph E. “How to restore equitable and sustainable economic growth in the United States.” American Economic Review 106.5 (2016): 43-47.

there would have been an accountant to provide proper budgeting and other related project financial management and assessments. It would have allowed for better control of how the finances were utilized in the Fyre Fest project. In addition to that

there would have been a project manager who would have assessed the situation