I need you to response to the following post with 200 words APA style:

Opportunities of expanding a business

1. Target new customers
2. Expand into new territories (Shelf space in more stores/new city, state, or country/etc.)
3. Sell more product

Uncertainties of expanding a business

1. Will the quality of the product drop with increased demand?
2. The reliability of the supplier (or new supplier if the current supplier does not cater to the new area)
3. How well the business will fair with competing businesses.

Hazards of expanding a business

1. The product is damaged while being transported
2. Paying too much for additional shelf space/warehouse storage.
3. Delivery of product being affected by new delivery routes

Compliance requirements of

1. Differing compliance requirements in different cities/states/countries
2. Insufficient insurance (i.e. no flood insurance and the warehouse is flooded after heavy rainfall)
3. Failure to comply with OSHA standards

please respond to the discussions with reference

Discussion 1

Principalism, or the four principle approach views that there are four ethical principles of bioethics. 1) Respect for autonomy – respecting the decision making of an autonomous person, 2) Nonmaleficence – do not cause harm to others, 3) Beneficence – preventing harm, providing a benefit which is greater than the risks and cost, and 4) Justice – fair distribution for risks and costs (Grand Canyon, 2015). The principles are abstract with no particular order. Determining which principle should be weighted higher is a constant balancing act and differs between patients.

I would rank them in the following order: Respect for Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice, then Respect for Autonomy. I would want to ensure I am giving the patient all the options and risks first, ensuring I’m doing no harm, then allow them to make their decisions and respect those decisions.

I believe the Christian Narrative order would be the same. The Christian Ethical Approach states that “the Christian is to not only obey God’s commands, but to be transformed into his image. Jesus Christ is the perfect representatio of such a life; Christian’s thus ought to embody the virtues and character of Jesus himself (Grand Canyon, 2015). This will not only be knowledge of right and wrong, but surrendering and transforming by God’s own Holy Spirit.

Grand Canyon University (2015). PHI-413V Lecture 3. Biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative. Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3gcu.edu/learningPlatform

Discussion 2

Bioethics is the study of controversial ethical issues that emerge from situations that stem from biological research and advanced medical technology. Bioethical considerations are experienced throughout life, but are especially noted in healthcare, research, and medicine. On the other hand, principalism is, “a four-principal approach”, that frames bioethics. The principals of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice are utilized to balance, analyze, and answer ethical dilemmas that challenge the concept of right and wrong significantly. Moral principles and bioethics tend to clash religiously, intellectually and culturally. Worldviews must be considered when seeking ethical answers and the human life must always be respected. Different values and beliefs should be venerated, and the four moral principals must be considered to reach ethical decisions.

The first moral principal is autonomy. When I think of autonomy I think of respecting my patient’s right to make an informed consent without coercion. If my patient is of sound mind and is fully capable of making decisions, then the principal of autonomy must be respected despite conflicting differences that may be encountered.

The second moral principal is beneficence. This is the ethical concept that implies nurses will prevent harm to their patients. Researchers must balance the risks and benefits of their study to ensure the safety of the subjects involved. Nurses practice beneficence through best practices, compassion, and knowledge with the intent to do no harm to their patients by stabilizing the benefits and risks involved in the situation.

The third moral principal is non-maleficence. This ethical concept recognizes that human beings can cause harm and destruction. Non-maleficence implies that we do no harm. This means we respect human life and do absolutely nothing that can destroy human life maliciously.

Finally, the forth moral principal is justice. Justice means all living beings are treated fairly and equally. Nurses must be culturally competent to be just. Justice means we treat all patients justly and there are no VIP’s.

I feel non-maleficence is the most important moral principal followed by beneficence. Nurses must realize that they have the power to alter life at any given moment. If we fail to recognize this power, we can cause significant harm to our patients. For example, giving medications without understanding the risks, performing tasks we are not trained for, and utilizing equipment we have not been educated on. If we stick to the concept of beneficence, and we utilize best/safe practices, knowledge, and compassion, and the unthinkable happens, then I can leave my shift knowing I did everything morally possible to preserve my patient’s life. Justice follows beneficence. If I am not culturally competent then I will run the risk of causing my patient’s harm. I am doing my non-English-speaking patient justice by utilizing the interpreter video phone. I am also being just by treating all patients for pain. Justice implies I treat all my patient’s fairly. Lastly, autonomy follows justice. Not all my patients can make an informed consent. For example, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease leads to incapacity. A patient who is unconscious may not be able to make an immediate informed consent. We all run the risk of losing the ability to make an informed consent due to injury or illness, and nurses/physicians must be able to recognize when a patient lacks autonomy and deliver quality care to that patient ethically.

Grand Canyon University (2015). PHI-413V Lecture 3: Biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative . Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu

Discussion 3

Bioethics in the United States was developed as a subfield of ethics as technology advances and the medical field is faced with new ethical issues (Grand Canyon, 2015). Principalism is based on the framework of four ethical principles, 1) respect for autonomy, 2) nonmaleficence, 3) beneficence, and 4) justice. The four principles of principalism only provide a guide for ethical decisions based what is right and wrong. Ethicist John Kilner describes a biblical ethic for health care that brings together the best of other ethical theories including “God-centered reality bounded and love impelled”. (Meilander, 2013). The problem with placing autonomy to the highest rank in principles arises in the situation when an individual is comatose or incapacitated. In this case that individual is unable to make an autonomous decision. The ranking order of these principles also would depend on the situation and who was involved.

If I had to rank the importance of each of the four principles, I would rand beneficence as the highest, followed by nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. To me personally, preventing harm, providing benefits and balancing benefits against risks and costs mostly resembles the Christian narrative (Grand Canyon 2015).

The Christian biblical narrative begins with creation followed by fall, redemption and ending with restoration. I belive that the Christian biblical narrative would order the ethical principles by 1)beneficence, 2)nonmaleficence, 3)justice, and 4) autonomy. I believe that autonomy would rank the lowest position because in the beginning, Adam and Eve chose to reject God by making their own decisions and choosing to sin.

References

Grand Canyon University (2015). PHI-413V Lecture 3. Biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative. Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3gcu.edu/learningPlatform

Meilander, G. (2013). Bioethics: A primer for Christians (Third edition). Grand Rapids, MI. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Retrieved from http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources

Discussion 4

Principalism is an ethics system based on the four moral principles of beneficence, justice, autonomy, and non-maleficence, and are influential in the field of medical ethics. They are the framework of bioethics, relating to moral dilemmas of medical practice and biological research. The definitions of each of these, according to the lecture are as follows:

Respect for autonomy − A principle that requires respect for the decision making capacities of autonomous persons.

Non-maleficence − A principle requiring that people not cause harm to others.

Beneficence − A group of principles requiring that people prevent harm, provide benefits, and balance benefits against risks and costs.

Justice − A group of principles requiring fair distribution of benefits, risks and costs.

Each one of these is very important and relevant on case-by-case circumstances, and it is difficult to decide the importance of each, as they are all important values to follow. In the context of the Christian Biblical narrative I think they would be ordered as, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, and respect for autonomy.

Reference

Grand Canyon University (2015). PHI-413V Lecture 3: Biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative. Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu

Discussion 5

The principles that each person holds as true are the measuring stick that guides the individual’s life (N.A., Principlism, n.d.). Standards are the measurement that others hold an individual to for a certain expectation connected with different jobs. The expectation that a doctor has a patient’s best interest at heart and not kickbacks from a company for order certain medications or procedures ordered. Working in the nursing field there are both expectations from the patient and the family they have the expectancy of a nurse with scruples and high principles, from the institution that employs them high standards are expected. These requirements are the things that still has nursing as the most respected profession. Mutuality principle is an area that disputes the possible area of a moral conflict due to two conflicting moral obligations (N.A., 2018).

Priniciplism is a term that is new and relates to moral dilemmas found in the culture of health care related to biomedical and moral ethics connected with patient care (Lawrence, 2007). The drawback is that there are no standards connected with Priniciplism (N.A., 2018). The lines between Priniciplism and standards may be blurred since some of the expectations could be under both headings. Do no harm would be expected under both headings. Ensuring the correct medication at the correct dosage with the correct route to the correct patient would also be found under both headings.

When a question of ranking anything in order according to the importance, the person is expected to place the most important item first as the most important. If the question is between Christian beliefs or nursing requirements, this seems like which came first the chicken or the egg. All the four principles are connected and by providing any of these another will be covered. If a patient is being providing justice then would this not also cover autonomy? If by providing nonmaleficence then beneficence and autonomy will be provided.

Nursing standards and Christian standards are the same in my eyes, taking care of others as I would if they were my own family members to me covers all the four principles. If forced to make a list it would go as nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice. One of these principles are no more important that the others. According to Katie Page with a study of 94 Psychology students the findings were as follows: nonmaleficence, justice, autonomy, beneficence and on this study, they also listed truth telling and last confidentiality (Page, 2012).

References

DeMarco, J. (2005). Principlism and moral dilemmas: a new principle. J Med Ethics.

Lawrence, D. (2007). The four principles of biomedical ethics: A foudation for current bioethical debate. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities.

N.A. (2018, may 15). Principlism and the moral principles. Retrieved from Regis University: http://rhchp.regis.edu/HCE/EthicsAtAGlance/index.h…

N.A. (n.d.). Principlism. Retrieved from Encyclopedia of Ethics-Credo Reference: https://search-credoreference-com.lopes.idm.oclc.o…

try/routethics/principlism/)

Page, K. (2012). The four principles: Can they be measured and do they prdict ethical decision making? BMC Medical Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/13/1/10

Discussion 6

As discussed in her article, “The four principles of biomedical ethics A foundation for current biomedical debate”, Dana Lawrence explains thatthe originators of the four principles, Thomas Beauchamp and James Childress, intended that none of the principles held any position over the other. (Lawrence, 2007) In theory this is true, however, critics from differing methods of ethics study point out that one or the other of the principles should be “weighted” heavier than the other, or that clearer definitions are needed in order for the principle to be useful in debate, for example; how much good must come out of an experiment or procedure for it to meet the requirement of beneficence?

Attempting to prioritize these principles in the context of how the Christian Bible would do so shall also serve as a personal ordering of the principles as this author attempts to view all things through the lens of Scriptural truths. Although God gave each of us free will and free will is vital in any true relationship, I do not believe that respect for autonomy would come before any of the other principles. Too many times in the Bible, Jesus talks about placing others before ourselves and having the heart of a servant. Therefore, I think the biblical order of the principles would place beneficence and nonmaleficence first as and inseparable coequals. Jesus said, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’ In Matthew 25:40, when speaking of feeding, clothing, providing for or visiting the sick or imprisoned. For this reason, I would place justice next in order. Again, free will is given to us and Jesus values us as individuals so autonomy is important but not as important (in these human eyes) as the others. I place autonomy last in the list.

I will find it fascinating to see how others answer this question.

References

Lawrence, D. J. (2007). The four principles of biomedical ethics A foundation for current biomedical debate. Journal of Chriopractic Hummanities, 34-40. Retrieved from http://www.journalchirohumanities.com/article/S155…

Building on the work you completed in Weeks Two and Four, you will complete a feasibility study based on a pre-approved health care project of your choice. Using the feasibility study outlined in the Daniels and Dickson (1990) article as a model, and including a minimum of six other scholarly sources, create a 12- to 15-page feasibility study that includes the following headings and supporting information:

Evaluating Feasibility
The concept of a feasibility study is central to viability, the “worth to the effort” ratio, and return on investment (ROI). What needs to be taken into consideration to create a feasibility study (e.g., human resources, community needs, and technological advances, federal and state regulatory issues)? Within this section, you will research and design an economical health care service that is responsive to a given market. This research stems from understanding your target population and present need in health services. Furthermore, as you have seen from the Daniels and Dickson (1990) article, you must appraise your human resources, capital investment, and how your effort will yield a return on investment from a facilities perspective as well as the tangible greater good of providing healthcare to a community.

Strategic Effect
Analyze the role of public policy with regard to your project. What policies and processes should be in place to create an effective program? How will you measure the effectiveness of your program and your provision of health care services? Develop a microeconomic model that is responsive to the specific health care service demands of your target population. For example, the current trend of the medical home model, which allows for the coordination of care, allows for better communication among service providers as well as convenience for patients. Is the population a market priority? How does your program serve a need for your target population?

Market Analysis
Within this section you will identify the population demographics, who your competitors are, and whether or not a real need for the services you are proposing exists in the community. As you examine the demographic and population needs using Census data and other reliable sources, you must also consider what competitors, if any, exist in the present climate. This requires an evaluation of the present socioeconomic and cultural trends influencing how people make decisions in health care. In addition, in this analysis you will need to compare and contrast economic challenges and incentives among health care’s organization models. This comparison requires an understanding of past challenges and incentives that other organizations have implemented.

Financial Analysis
This section includes the revenue, expenses, and net income. Compare and contrast economic challenges and incentives by finding and describing multiple sources of public and private funding (e.g., grants, donations, awards, special projects) for this project. Include a reference list for your funding sources that is formatted in APA as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Next, identify the funding constraints for each source. Include limitations of monies awarded, timing issues, fitting the needs of the funding sources, difficulties of connecting with private funders, etc. Finally, specify the internal ramifications of moving forward using SWOT analysis. What are the fixed and variable costs associated with your project? What are the annual maintenance and operation costs? Elaborate on how you arrived at your sensitivity analysis conclusions.

Operations Performance
This section examines the incremental effect of how your proposed service will impact all aspects of health services. This portion of the study explores how the statistical data you have researched affects the proposed service in terms of efficiency and value. This can be difficult to measure initially. However, through incremental and ongoing evaluation of operations, you can begin to see what constitutes the best performance in this instance and how it serves the target population. In this section, you will further illustrate the incentives and challenges faced by a health organization and communicate the relevance of economics within the U.S. health care system as it pertains to your proposed services.

Inpatient
If your proposed study has an inpatient component, this section will analyze on volume of patients, types of payers, and how utilization rates impact your proposed study. In addition, you will further explain how your new inpatient service will add value for patients and improve the financial viability of the institution. This section will require you to use both qualitative and quantitative data to justify the plan. Hospitals operate in terms of how many beds are occupied relative to how many are empty. Most CEOs want to see that a unit is running at near full capacity and that volume is increasing year to year. Analyze how your proposal will meet these demands by explaining the data you have collected and predicting potential financial outcomes. Finally, evaluate and explain how value-based care will impact your ability to maintain margins within this newly proposed service.

Outpatient
If your proposed study has an outpatient component, examine how admissions, revenue, and workflow of staff will improve the efficiency of your proposed service. Analyze how your outpatient service will add value for patients and improve the financial viability of the institution. Justify your plan with appropriate data. As stated in the inpatient section, the content here applies much the same way. However, the caveat for outpatient services lies in the ambulatory setting. This aspect should be most interesting under conditions created by the Affordable Care Act. The new paradigm shift will be toward more preventative, primary, and outpatient care settings to reduce the numbers of patients being admitted to hospitals. Please explain how your proposal takes these conditions into consideration. In this section, you will further compare and contrast economic challenges and incentives among health care’s organization models in an outpatient setting. You will also further augment your design in an economic framework that is responsive to your market.

Outlook
This section examines future implications of your proposed services and how they will impact the future health outcomes of the community and financial health of the services being provided. Analyze economic theories that are germane to the provision of your proposed health services. What adjustments might you need to make in terms of what the “unintended consequences” may be? For example, Baylor Hospital in Houston proposed and spent 250 million to create a brand new hospital that currently stands empty because it was built during the U.S. economic downturn, the loan was no longer able to finance the construction, and the initial examination of its necessity did not play out as expected. Provide conclusions and implications of how your feasibility study fits within the larger context of the system of services currently being provided. How do they work with one another within the larger health care system?

Finally, evaluate how your study will respond to market and design models that impact the community based on current regulatory and market needs.

Writing the Final Paper

The Final Paper:

1. Must be 12 to 15 double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
2. Must include a title page with the following:
   1. Title of paper
   2. Student’s name
   3. Course name and number
   4. Instructor’s name
   5. Date submitted
3. Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
4. Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
5. Must include the listed headings with the content required under each.
6. Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
7. Must use at least six scholarly sources that were published within the last five years, including a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources from the Ashford University Library.
8. Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
9. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Using a minimum of 8-10 slides, develop a PowerPoint presentation showing an epidemiologic analysis of a health problem. Your slides should define and show comparative measures that quantify the problem, for example using information spread over years or among nations or age groups. The slides must show both tabular and graphic data and be comprehensible to a layperson without benefit of a complete presentation. Then write a 4-page synopsis of your slide presentation with a bibliography formatted in APA style. In addition, you must appropriately cite all resources used in your response and document in a bibliography using APA style.

Discussion Topic for Session 4: Post an article that is about Searching for Life in Our Solar System.This can be about a planet, a moon, or any other body orbiting our sun.

General Information about Discussions: The purpose of the discussions is to keep up to date with recent discoveries and also to engage you in rich, scientific discussion. Each session you are asked to post an article from the Internet and to lead a discussion about the content of the article with a group of your classmates. Discussions are an important part of the course and thus are worth 33% of your grade. They are live during each session and can not be made up later.

For each session you should:

1. Post a scientifically-valid article on the session’s topic with its URL and a 1-3 paragraph summary of the article for your groupmates. Do this well before the Deadline 1 (see top of page). You must post a unique article that no one has posted yet in the group.
2. For the rest of the session, you should read others’ articles and ask questions as well as respond to questions people ask about your article. discuss the articles in your groups with your groupmates. On your own article you should respond to people’s questions by doing deeper research using other valid scientific articles to provide evidence.

A total of at least seven substantive posts for each session is required for top marks. A substantive post will show that you read the article, add new information to the conversation, and promote the scientific, evidence-based reasoning. Non-substantive posts (e.g. “Wow – great post!”, “I agree”, “oops -forgot the link”) do not count towards the seven required. Posts must also be distributed throughout the session.

Discussions are graded for five sessions (sessions 2-6) so each session’s discussion is worth about 7.5 points out of your total grade. They are marked out of 10 points. About 1 point is lost for each missing or late post (articles posted after the first deadline). Up to 2 points are taken off for discussions that only include posts from right before the deadlines. Up to 3 points are taken off for bogus articles from non-scientific sites. Discussions are not given any credit after the second deadline.

The success of discussions relies on solid scientific information. This means avoiding propoganda or “alternate facts”. Here, again, are some sites that advise how to ensure the validity of information on the Internet:

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/finding-good-information-on-the-internet/

https://www.edb.utexas.edu/petrosino/Legacy_Cycle/mf_jm/Challenge%201/website%20reliable.pdf

https://nccih.nih.gov/health/webresources

I typically stay out of the discussion while it is ongoing but I do read everything at the end of the session. If you have questions that are not being answered in the discussions, and you want my help, please post the question in the Ask Jodi Discussion Thread or please email me at: asbellclarke@gmail.com.

Specific websites you may want to use for searching for articles include:

https://www.universetoday.com/

http://space.com

http://www.skyandtelescope.com/

http://nasa.gov