Compose and hypothetically carry out protocols to experimentally address the topic you chose

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In Week 5 you submitted your project topic submission as a short presentation. In Week 7, you will pick up on what you began to complete the project. You already have a title, rationale and background prepared so from here, you will flesh-out the remainder of the project as a hypothetical protocol to experimentally address the topic you chose to explore in your project.

***Keep in mind*** You are NOT actually performing experiments as part of this final project. This is a hypothetical project. 

Below is the recommended minimum slide layout for your presentation. For the week 7 Project, Scholarly References must be included both in-text and in a reference element at the end of your presentation. A minimum of three scholarly references are expected for your project. Make sure to properly reference any images or video you use that are not your own. Images, video and enhancements (hypothetical graphs, charts, etc.) are required to present data.

For all images, charts and graphs, a descriptive title and legend must be included as well as appropriate source citations.

***Read On***

Think through what you plan to propose for your project. It must be a reasonable experiment. It must be something that could be performed experimentally. Find and review scholarly articles that are closely related to what you propose as these will be most helpful as you plan out yours.

There is a sample project you can look over to give you an idea of what a hypothetical project should look like. Take some time to look this over to give you an idea of what a basic hypothetical project looks like.

Most of you will likely propose in-vitro types of hypothetical experiments; however, if you decide to propose anything that includes animals, humans or otherwise, be aware of the appropriate ethical guidelines and make sure to address them. 

IACUC Guidelines http://www.apa.org/science/leadership/care/care-animal-guidelines.pdf

Human Subjects https://humansubjects.nih.gov/ethical-guidelines-regulations

Directions for your Project

Compose and hypothetically carry out protocols to experimentally address the topic you chose (these are the minimums)

  • Include the slides from week 5 (These were the Introduction, Rationale and Background slides)
  • Hypothesis (provide a testable hypothesis)
  • Materials (list the materials you will need)
  • Methods (describe how you will carry out the experiments)
  • Expected data (describe the details of what your EXPECT will be the outcome of your experiments)
  • Data (present the data, show charts, graphs, images, etc. from the hypothetical experiments)
  • Conclusions (draw the conclusions from your data-only the direct conclusions)
  • References (Scholarly references, three minimum and in APA format)

Microbiology: Staph aureus

RATIONALE

It s easily isolated and cultured

Easy to study its pathological effects

Has a wide host distribution

It has a short Incubation Period (1-6 hours)

It grows very fast and can be isolated locally

Important in food poisoning

Affects human beings in various ways

Affects a wide range of human organs

The choice for the topic was triggered with the easiness for the study of the pathogen because it is ease to isolate from different media and host species. Its effects are easily observable inhuman beings and animals. The species has negative colored α-strain and β-strains which make it is easy to classify and characterize during study. The bacteria grows very fast and has a short incubation period and hence ease to manipulate and study various generations (Paterson et al., 2014). The bacteria occurs on a number of human body organs and animals and hence ease to find. It causes human food poisoning and thus important for further studies on how it does so to keep human population healthy.

2

TOPIC INTERESTS

Interest for topic “prevalence of Staph aureus”:

Important to understand its host distribution

To understand it prevalence

To understand ecology and colonization

The topic is vital for etiology information

Exploration on its resistance to drying

Research on economic importance in human

Further studies on host species

Research on reproduction biology

Infections caused by the pathogen

The major interest for the topic for student use is to understand its effects in the various host species, the modes of transmission, the reproductive biology and the prevalence in the human and animal populations. It is important to study this species of a bacteria because it is common even in healthy human beings and thus there is need to identify how to control it (Kyaw et al., 2015).

3

BACKGROUND

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria

Found in nose, throat, hair and skin

Both animals and people host it

Present in 25% of healthy people

Transition by direct contact and aerosol

Sources include dairy products, poultry products, and meat

Causes diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite

Also cause mild fever & stern abdominal cramps

The Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria belong to the family Staphylococcaceae and commonly occurs in the nose, throat, hair and skin of a health persons and animals. Research shows that 25% of the health population have the bacteria but the percentage is higher in affected people. The bacteria can be transmitted from a healthy person to the other through direct contact or the aerosol means. A number of the sources of the detrimental bacteria have been listed as dairy products, poultry products, meat, sandwiches and other food kinds that are handles or consumed without further cooking. The bacteria causes infection in human beings which results in nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite, mild fever and stern abdominal cramps. The infection can be controlled by through cooking of the food and avoiding direct contact with affected persons (Abebe et al., 2016).

4

HUMAN BENEFITS

Understand the causatives of the pathogen

Know pathogen’s thriving environments

Understand the infections caused

Information on infections signs and symptoms

Information on control and treatment

Understand the host and its distribution

Understand the pre-exposure risk factor

Avoid food poisoning

Reduce infections and contraction rates

The topic is good for human benefits because by its study, the information on the causatives and sources of the bacteria are which will promote control and prevention strategies thus keeping human population safe. Again, the study on the commonality of the bacteria will enable the scientific body to visualize the threat of the pathogen and thus develop the control mechanisms or avoid food poisoning. Again the study will inform on the pre-exposure risk factors and the condition that promote its growth and incubation thus reducing the rates of the infection (Kyaw et al., 2015).

5

REFERENCE

Abebe, R., Hatiya, H., Abera, M., Megersa, B., & Asmare, K. (2016). Bovine mastitis: prevalence, risk factors and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds at Hawassa milk shed, South Ethiopia. BMC veterinary research, 12(1), 270.

Kyaw, M. H., Kern, D. M., Zhou, S., Tunceli, O., Jafri, H. S., & Falloon, J. (2015). Healthcare utilization and costs associated with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a retrospective observational cohort study in a US claims database. BMC health services research, 15(1), 241.

Paterson, G. K., Harrison, E. M., & Holmes, M. A. (2014). The emergence of mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Trends in microbiology, 22(1), 42-47.

You will need a minimum of 12 slides to complete this presentation.