In what ways can the causes of ecological destruction be found in metaphysical or religious assumptions about reality?

4 questions. 500 Words for each question.

1. In what ways can the causes of ecological destruction be found in metaphysical or religious assumptions about reality? Provide at least two examples (e.g, Plato’s Forms, Cartesian dualism, the Book of Genesis). Which metaphysical theory or religious idea do you think is most helpful in healing the human relationship to the natural world and why?
2. How should we conceptualize “the good life” today? Do you think that living “the good life” requires an “ecologically examined life?” Why or why not?
3. Who and/or what do you think is deserving of moral consideration? On what basis should land, ecosystems, trees, animals, and humans be included or excluded from the moral community? Refer to at least two ethical theories in your response (e.g., deontology, utilitarianism, virtue theory, ethic of care, land ethic) and explain them fully.
4. What is the “tragedy of the commons” according to Harding? Based on the readings of week seven (Lock, Rawls, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Earth Charter) discuss which has the most promise in your opinion in avoiding the “tragedy of the commons” and explain why.